Increasing grain maize yield
Along with the major macronutrients that influence grain number and size, grain maize yield is dependent on several micronutrients.
The unavailability of them would restrict the growth process of the plant.
Crop Nutrition and Grain Maize Yield
Magnesium
Magnesium is required during peak periods of growth with most intensive uptake starting at around the V5 stage. Uptake continues to maturity and crops need a continuous supply of magnesium to support growth. Where magnesium is in short supply, applications will support better growth and higher yields.
Sulphur and Nitrogen
The following trials demonstrate the effects of sulphur and nitrogen on grain maize yield.
Copper
Maize plants are sensitive to copper deficiency and peak demand is during the generative growth stage. Plants require relatively low levels of copper compared to other micronutrients and little is removed in the harvested crop.
Iron
Maize plants are only slightly sensitive to lack of iron. Where deficiencies occur, foliar applications – particularly those made at later stages of leaf growth and at early stem extension – have been shown to increase maize yield.
Manganese
Manganese has a direct effect on plant development and growth. It is involved in chlorophyll production and photosynthesis, and acts as a catalyst in many plant growth processes including the metabolism and synthesis of proteins. Most manganese accumulates in the leaves and stems – more so than any other micronutrient. Uptake is gradual, particularly during vegetative growth. Foliar or soil applications can be used to increase grain maize yield.
Zinc
Zinc provides the largest yield responses in the greatest number of trials. The strong responses seen when zinc is applied to the seed, is largely due to zinc’s effects on early root and shoot growth and the subsequent increase of leaf production. However, high yield responses also come from foliar zinc applied to the leaf.
